Utilizing Redundancy of Orientation-Control Wheels for Lowering Energy-Consumption of Space Robot Systems that Regenerate Electricity
نویسندگان
چکیده
宇宙開発 におけ る安全性 と経済性の要求か ら宇宙 ロボ ットに関す る研究1)~ηが進め られてい る.宇 宙 ロボ ット で大 きな問題 の一つ にエ ネルギ ーの供給法があ る.打 ち 上げ にかか るコス トが莫大なため,ロ ボ ットの質量は出 来 るだけ小 さくす る必要があ り,大 きなバ ッテ リーは積 み込めない.宇 宙空間では太陽かち無限にエネルギを引 き出す ことが出来 る.し か し太陽電 池の性能は,容 量 0.2~0.3(kW/m2),比 電 力50(W/kg)程 度8)であ り, マ ニピュレータの駆 動時 に必要 な電 力を太陽電 池のみか ら供給す るためには,通 常の運用時 の必要電 力に比べ て 過 大な容量 の太陽電 池 システムが必要 とな り,大 型化 を 招 く.ま たマ ニピュレータを制動す る際 に余剰 エネルギ を熱 として発生 させ る ことは,宇 宙 ロボ ッ トのエネルギ 使用効 率を低下させ,熱 制御 を困難 にす る.こ れ らのこ とか ら,宇 宙 直ポ ットにおいては消費 エネルギをできる だけ少な くす る必要 がある. 現在 の ところ宇宙 ロボ ッ トではこの問題 につ いて の対 策 はなされ ていない.必 要 なエネルギは全 て積み込 まれ たバ ッテ リー と太陽 エネルギか ら供給 され,加 速 ・減速 時 に ともにエネルギを消費 し,余 剰エ ネルギは熱 と して 放 出す る.し たがって,エ ネルギ使用効率は非常に悪 い. 原稿受付1993年3月5日 *東 京大学工学部 **東 京大学大学院
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